The roof of the house can have many configurations, the choice between which depends on the requirements for the facade of the building, its configuration and the wishes of the future owner of the house. Do-it-yourself pitched roof is one of the simplest design options. Step by step, its construction and some important points were considered.
Scope and advantages
The construction of a shed roof with your own hands imposes some restrictions on the possibility of use for certain buildings. The device is possible for the following cases:
- installation of a garage roof;
- roofing over farm buildings;
- installation of the rafter system of small buildings.
Do-it-yourself pitched roof has these advantages:
- reduction in material consumption;
- reduction of financial costs and labor intensity;
- resistance to wind loads.
The disadvantages include the limited scope and complexity of arranging the attic in the under-roof space.
Main elements
Before you build a shed roof with your own hands, it is necessary to study its main elements. The simplest roof scheme includes the following elements:
- Rafter legs. The section is taken depending on the span and snow load. For private housing construction, it will be correct to take a section of 100x200 mm in such a way that the distance between adjacent rafters is 0.58. This is due to the fact that mineral wool is most often used for roof insulation, which is most conveniently laid with this step. In addition, the height of the rafter legs can not be less than the thickness of the insulation, and for most regions it will be 150-200 mm. Installation can be carried out using two types of rafters: solid or composite (depending on the span). If there is a need to install a solid board on a large span, it is recommended to consider a glued wood frame.
- Mauerlat. Installation of a pitched roof provides for two points of support on the Mauerlat for one rafter leg. Mauerlat timber is located on two levels, providing a slope of the rafters. The device of the supporting element is possible from a beam with a section of 100x100 or 150x150 mm, depending on the weight of the roof.
- Struts. The frame provides for the presence of these elements with a sufficiently large width of the building and the use of composite rafters. The cross section of the struts can be taken 100x100 mm. The angle of inclination relative to the horizontal is 60 or 45 degrees. The second name of such an element is the rafter leg. Such a scheme allows you to unload the rafters, reduce their design span and deflection.
- Sill. It will be correct to rest the strut not on the overlap, but lay a bed under it. Installation of the bed is carried out in a specially prepared recess in the wall. At the same time, for houses made of concrete or brick, between the wall and the beam, it is necessary to provide a layer of rolled bitumen waterproofing. This will prevent rotting and wood damage. The section is taken equal to 100x100 or 150x150 mm. The beam can be continuous along the entire length of the wall or intermittent, only along the support of the strut.
- Crate.Designed to create a base for roofing. The device of the crate at a rafter pitch of approximately 0.6 meters is assumed from 32 mm thick boards. Installation of the lathing can be carried out sparse or continuous flooring. For a metal tile, a solid base is not required, but for bitumen it is necessary. For any type of roofing, properly lay a solid crate in critical places. For a pitched roof, a cornice will become such a site, here they lay boards without a run at a distance of 1 meter from the edge.
Construction technology
It is necessary to paint step by step how to make a shed roof with your own hands. Installation is carried out in the following order:
- Release of fasteners for Mauerlat. It is carried out in several ways: wire, studs, staples to wooden blocks or anchors. The choice of method depends on the load on the roof structure and the material of the walls of the building.
- Laying waterproofing. This stage is necessary if the supporting frame of the house is made of brick or concrete. In order to prevent wood decay between the materials of different properties, a waterproofing material is laid.
- Installation of the Mauerlat and its fastening (both the upper beam and the lower one). Mounting is carried out depending on the selected type. For studs and anchors, it will be necessary to tighten the nuts, the wire is twisted with a crowbar. The step of fastening should be equal to the step of the rafter legs.
- Installation of rafter legs. Compared to other types of roofs, for a shed this stage is the easiest. The device consists of installing a beam with an inclination at one end to the upper Mauerlat, and the other to the lower. The fastening to the Mauerlat is performed by a notch. Further fixation can occur on nails or metal corners with self-tapping screws. Mares are attached to the rafters - wooden boards, which are designed to create the necessary departure of the cornice. The cross section of the boards can be taken 50x100 mm.
- Then, if necessary, set the bed and struts.
- After the supporting frame is assembled, you can proceed to the insulation of the attic. Mineral wool boards, polystyrene foam, extruded polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam are used as a heat-insulating material. When working with mineral wool and polyurethane foam, it is necessary to remember safety precautions and have personal protective equipment (gloves, masks, protective clothing). Before laying the insulation, it is necessary to waterproof the upper edge of the rafters. On top of the film or membrane perform the installation of the crate. After that, the insulation begins to be fixed. The mounting method depends on the material selected. When using mineral wool, it will be necessary to provide a ventilated gap; for this, installation of a counter-lattice is performed.
- The next step is to fix the bottom crate, which will allow you to fix the ceiling without any problems, and will additionally hold the insulation material. Before fastening, a vapor barrier membrane is stretched, which will protect the heater from steam coming from the room.
- Next, proceed to laying the coating. The fixing method depends on the material selected.
- Carry out the lining of the ceiling and interior decoration. As the material for the lining, sheets of drywall most often fixed on a metal frame from a galvanized profile are most often used.
If you perform all the work step by step, then difficulties should not arise.
Roof slope
The slope is determined at the design stage. The value depends on the type of coating used. The optimal slope of the slope is in the range of 20-45 degrees. The following are limitations for various coatings:
- 10-30 degrees for a roof made of bituminous materials;
- 25-35 degrees for slate coatings (asbestos-cement sheets);
- from 15 degrees for metal roofs;
- from 20 degrees for ceramic tiles.
The slope of the roof greatly affects the load. The smaller it is, the more pressure the snow cover will exert. Estimated snow mass is approximately 4 times the dead weight of the roof. With a slope of more than 60 degrees, the snow load is not taken into account in the calculations.
Also, when determining the slope, it is important to remember that the smaller it is, the worse the drainage will occur. This will require additional sealing of the structure and increase the likelihood of leaks.
Attic room lighting
When installing a single-pitched roof and using a subroofing space as an attic, it is necessary to ensure its sufficient illumination. There are three ways to achieve this:
- installation of windows in gables;
- dormers;
- roof windows.
One of the most popular options today are dormers.
But when using them, it is important to remember the angle of inclination. It is undesirable to apply from an angle of less than 20 degrees, since snow will accumulate on such a roof, and it will need to be cleaned. Work on cleaning snow from the roof is complex and is characterized by certain risks. If you install a skylight on a slope with a slight slope, you will need reinforced glass.
With a slope angle of less than 20 degrees, it is better to stay on the dormer windows. They are mounted simultaneously with the roofing system and are its components. They can be either a simple configuration (“birdhouse”) or more complex.
The quality of the construction of a pitched roof affects how many problems it will cause during operation. In order not to leak or freeze in the future, care must be taken to complete all stages of the work.