The article describes the types of drills for wood, gives the characteristics of individual samples. Talked about the most common types for hammer drill, drill.
What to look for when choosing
Before purchasing a part, you must familiarize yourself with its characteristics, make sure that there are no defects: chips, dents, nicks, scratches, and others. Any of these shortcomings negatively affects the quality of work performed. Defective tools will not last long.
Assembly technology is determined by the color of the product:
- The black. The steam treatment method was used, it increases strength.
- Yellow gold. The technology was aimed at relieving metallic stress.
- Bright gold. Applied titanium nitride, prolonging the service life.
- Gray steel. Finishing was not carried out, the tool is not reinforced with additional spraying.
Selection of the required type of drill
Most power tools are sold with a standard set of drills, their only difference is the size. To complete some of the tasks of this set is not enough, you need to pick up other types of drills.
Spiral
Twist drills are used when working with wood. The diameter is 3–52 mm. Samples are available with a pointed end. This ensures the stability of the tool on the workpiece, eliminates its slipping. A tapered shank allows you to define a drilling point.
The number of revolutions depends on the diameter of the product, that is, the drilling speed is inversely proportional to the diameter of the drill.
So, when forming holes in softwood using a drill with a diameter of 14 mm, the parameter 1800 rpm will be optimal, in the case of hardwood, the mode is reduced by half, to 900 rpm. Following the rule, you can extend the operational period.
Long
The dimensions of the power tool must be taken into account. A drill with a diameter of 10 millimeters can be 45 cm in length, weigh about 3 kg. An ordinary household drill, equipped with such a drill, will not be able to make several revolutions. This type of drill is best installed on electric rotary mixers operating at low speeds..
The thinner the drill, the shorter it is, the less it weighs. Long and thin will break during operation.
Screw
Screw, or screw, products are drilled wood against the growth of its fibers. Diameter and length are directly dependent. So, the smallest drill in the line 10 mm in diameter has a length of 400 mm. A screw drill with a diameter of 50 mm in length reaches 1100 mm. At the end of the products there is a screw with a fine thread. The part copes well with chip discharge.
The Lewis drill, which has a serpentine configuration, with a diameter of 10-60 mm, belongs to the same category.
The table shows prices for twist drills.
Brand | Diameter | Length mm | Weight, kg | Price, rub |
Sturm | 12 mm | 230 | 0,135 | 120 |
Nammer | 20 mm | 460 | 0,480 | 672 |
Haisser | 25 mm | 460 | 0,580 | 758 |
Pqtools | 30 mm | 230 | 0,520 | 520 |
Ankor | 35 mm | 460 | 1,2 | 801 |
Bison | 40mm | 600 | 1,28 | 2114 |
There are long drills with handles for drilling deep holes. A manual fixture allows you to dig into the material as much as necessary.
Pen
Pen drills allow you to form a large hole without using a special tool.The drill does not provide for chip evacuation, as is the case with spiral and screw samples. This is a problem when forming deep holes. The tool is used when drilling workpieces made of wood, chipboard with a thickness of not more than 20 cm. If necessary, you can use a special extension cord.
Forstner Drill
Forstner drills are used in furniture manufacturing. They allow you to make a blind hole with a completely flat bottom. There are different diameters. An analogue of this drilling element is a ballerina, consisting of a centering drill and side incisors. The model has a device that allows you to set the required diameter of the future hole.
Ring
Ring drills, or crowns, allow you to process various materials (depending on the spraying), are used in construction, repair, sawing holes of large diameter.
In appearance, the crowned augers resemble a ring with sharp teeth located on the edge.
There are also milling drills, termites. They allow in the process to perform milling - offset in a given direction. This is due to their device. The milling cutter can be used to work with wood, plastic, plasterboard structures.
Countersink
If necessary, use a vertical drill to hide the caps of fasteners and provide holes for furniture confirmations. Countersink choose a recess of a given size. In most cases, the drilling device is equipped with a replaceable centering drill with a diameter of 4 mm, fixed with a clamping screw. The design with a countersink can be optionally equipped with a depth gauge.
Flexible
Flexible drill - a flexible shaft, one end of which is fixed in the chuck of a power tool, the other serves as a seat for the cutter and other drilling elements. The nozzle allows you to reach inaccessible places.
About sharpening
With heavy use, the drill can become dull. To restore the instrument to its previous properties, it is necessary to sharpen it. Having no experience in carrying out such procedures, it is better not to risk it. If you carry out this procedure yourself, it is recommended to start with sharpening an old unnecessary drill, which in case of damage will not be a pity to throw it away.