Fasteners to wooden structures are needed to connect building elements to the complex. Mounting parts are made of steel, aluminum alloys, and other metals.
Kinds
Fasteners vary in size, performed by the functions in the nodes of the joints of the wooden elements between themselves and in the fastenings of wood to other materials: concrete, brick, metal. The use of parts allows you to evenly distribute the load, to avoid destructive deformations inside the tree.
Kinds:
- with perforation;
- corners;
- shaped;
- hidden details "Hedgehog";
- spike groove;
- supports;
- hidden;
- with complex thread;
- decorative overlays.
Perforated Fasteners
The main material of the mounting elements is galvanized steel. The geometry of the structures may be different. A common symptom is the presence of multiple holes. Perforation allows you to select the desired mounting point in the tree. Screws are screwed through it or screw nails are driven. The advantages of this type of fastener:
- Save time on connecting structural elements from wood.
- A small amount of waste when attaching knots.
- The ability to install multiple hardware in one plane. This increases the bearing capacity of the mount.
- The variety of types of installation products. It allows you to choose the optimal solution for the even distribution of the load on the wooden components of a part of a building or structure.
- Universality. Suitable for all lumber.
Types:
- plates;
- corners;
- holders for beams;
- three-dimensional slats;
- mounting tape.
Plates
Planks with many holes are used to fasten wooden elements in one plane. In terms of details, they can be of different shapes (for example, in the form of letters T, Z). Plates are made of steel with a thickness of 1-3 mm or more.
Details are easily bent, which is convenient when pairing wood at an angle of 90 ° or more. Shears for metal plates can be cut.
Corners
To connect wooden structures at right angles, equilateral, reinforced, with double reinforcement, anchor metal corners are used. There are more complex products: Z-shaped, sliding, other modifications.
Beam holders
The product allows you to connect the beam and the bars. The mount is mounted on self-tapping screws or screws. The supporting part of the beam is fixed from the sides and from the bottom. The perpendicular planes of the steel part are fixed on the transverse beam. The photo shows one of the options for the holder.
Reiki three-dimensional
There are different lengths. Design feature - connection elements fix the tree in three planes. Reiki form a strong and reliable fastening in knots. Metal longitudinal rails perform two functions: they connect the wood into a single system, they are load-bearing beams that take up a significant part of the vertical load.
Fasteners - T-profile made of durable steel alloy. The Italian company Alumidi is engaged in their production. The rails are selected based on the cross section of the connected elements, the level of dynamic and static loads.
Mounting tape
Perforated galvanized steel tape is used as an auxiliary fixture when performing complex units of wooden structures. It is easy to cut into fragments. It is also used as a fastening of non-metallic products to wood.
Mounting corners
These mounting elements have one or two holes on adjacent planes. Corners for fastening wood can be equipped with 1 or 2 stiffeners. Used in the construction of structures made of wood, the manufacture of furniture.
Can be the main and auxiliary fasteners of wood to other materials. The internal angle is 90 °, 120 ° or 135 °.
Shaped hardware
This type of metal products includes a wide range of parts.
Secret details "Hedgehog"
Steel washers have an internal thread at an angle. Through holes are drilled through the washers in the wood. A washer is also installed on the reverse side. A hairpin is screwed into the channel, which tightens the tree.
In the connection nodes, several studs are installed at once. In the wood mass, the rods occupy a crossing position. This creates a solid hidden fastening of wooden structures. Fastening is also carried out by long self-tapping screws, which are located at an angle (usually 45 °) in the solid wood. This method is used when erecting a wooden roof.
Spike groove
The fastening is created due to the material of the parts to be joined. In one element, the wood around the protrusion (spike) is removed, in another array, a groove is cut out.
The spike must enter the groove with some effort to firmly pinch the protrusion in the hole. Lateral stresses create frictional forces between the spike and the groove, form an almost inseparable connection.
Depending on the dimensions of the parts, the dimensions of the spikes and grooves are determined. In cross section, they can be rectangular, square, oval. To increase the bearing capacity of the nodes, the parts are lubricated with carpentry or synthetic glue. In some cases, the fasteners are reinforced by installing additional metal fasteners.
Supports
These are two supporting steel plates pulled together by a hairpin. They are installed between the bottom of the wooden house and the foundation. The upper platform is fixed with screws and bolts to the lower wooden structures of the building. The bottom plate freely rests on the base of the house or is fixed with hardware, welding. The design acts as a jack. By turning the studs, the horizontalness of the floor is adjusted. This type of fastener makes it possible to exclude the penetration of moisture upwards, creating a reliable support system at home.
Hidden hardware
The advantage is the invisible connection of massive structures. The clamping elements are hidden in the grooves of the wood, which are connected by a drilled channel. Insert a hairpin inside. On one side, the rod goes out, has a nut. Rotating the nut with the pin, tighten the plate hidden in the groove.
Hidden fasteners are used in the interiors of frame houses from glued beams. This type of fastener is expensive. The installation process is time consuming.
Threaded fasteners
A complex thread is the combination of a screw cutting surface of a self-tapping screw with a drill at its end. The drill is already screw diameter. It paves the way for a screw cutting spiral. The hardware of this profile is used in working with hardwood.
Decorative lining
Designed for the design of joints of joints from timber and boards. Curly plates are installed indoors, on the facades of wooden houses.