Cement bonded particleboards are a composite material consisting of a matrix and special binding agents. This structure allows you to combine the positive qualities of the base and fillers, reduces flaws, expands the scope.
Specifications
DSP - wide flat slabs with a homogeneous structure, usually gray-brown. The basis, which is 65%, is high-quality Portland cement with the addition of gypsum and plasticizers. The second component is wood chips in a volume of 24%. About 8% is water. Approximately 2.5% are binders and hydration additives that neutralize the action of wood extracts, regulate humidity. It can be aluminum, calcium, liquid glass salts. Carcinogens, harmful chemical impurities - formaldehyde, asbestos chips, etc. - are not used. therefore material does not emit toxic fumes, is safe for health.
Technical characteristics of the DSP comply with GOST:
- specific gravity - 1100-1400 kg / m3;
- humidity - no more than 12%, standard value - 9%;
- maximum water absorption in 24 hours - no more than 16%;
- thermal conductivity coefficient - 0.26 W / m · K;
- vapor permeability - about 0.03 mg / m · h · Pa;
- combustibility class - G1;
- bending strength - 9-12 MPa, compression - 0.4 MPa.
The thickness of the web is 4–40 mm, the width is 1200 or 1250 mm, the length is 2700 or 3200 mm. In terms of thickness, deviations from the established standards are not allowed; a difference of 1.5 mm is possible in width and length.
The surface of the sheets is rough and smooth, depending on the degree of grinding. Finishing facade materials are decorated and painted under tiles, natural stone or brick.
The weight of 1 m² of a canvas with a thickness of 8 mm is about 10.5 kg.
Cement-bonded particleboards tolerate temperature changes, have good moisture and biostability: they are not affected by fungus, do not rot, do not swell, and are not deformed. The finely porous structure of the DSP does not interfere with air exchange, does not violate the indoor microclimate. Despite the presence of natural wood in the composition, the material is practically not subject to burning.
The average life of the DSP is 35–40 years. In the absence of aggressive atmospheric or chemical exposure - up to half a century.
Production Features
There are several technological stages:
- In a special container, a mixture of water and binders is prepared.
- Shredded wood chips are added to the liquid constituents. Mineralization occurs.
- Cement is added to the mixture.
- The solution is distributed in forms, presses set a certain thickness.
- Thermally processed, fix the state of the material in the chambers.
- FMCs are dried, ground, and cut in accordance with established standards.
Features of installation and decoration
Cement bonded materials are designed for dry installation. In construction and finishing works, they perform the same functions as chipboard, plywood, drywall, slate, concrete plaster.
Some use cases:
- the construction of fixed formwork in the construction of buildings, including multi-storey buildings;
- decoration, restoration of facades, foundations;
- base for fences, protective structures;
- arrangement of garden paths;
- creation of ceiling coatings, interior partitions, foundations for roofs, floors;
- insulation, facing of fireplaces, stoves, chimneys.
Cement bonded particleboards are used in many types of construction and repair work.. They are perfectly cut, do not crumble when drilling holes for fasteners, hold plaster, primer mixes, paint, ceramic tiles, wallpaper. This is an excellent base for creating various designs, interiors.
When using DSP, the main attention should be paid to storage and transportation. The composition of the material includes cement and mineral additives, so it is quite fragile, it can be damaged as a result of improper loads. Sheets must be in a horizontal position before use, with a support under them. When transporting the material must be placed on the edge.
When mounting sheets are fixed to the surface at least at three points. For vertical installation, a material with a thickness of about 15–20 mm is used. The holes for the fasteners are drilled in advance. When moving plates from place to place, safety precautions must be observed. When sawing, tools with increased hardness are used.
Putty is not used for sealing butt joints. Cement-bonded particleboard mainly consists of natural components, so during operation it can expand and contract. Visually, these changes are invisible, but rigid fixation can cause a violation of the integrity of the joints, the appearance of cracks in them. Usually, the gaps between the sheets are masked with silicone sealants, sewn up with narrow wooden battens, a metal profile.
The surface formed by cement-bonded particleboards is strong, stable, does not require additional leveling, complex finishing. No need to saturate with antiseptics, smooth out defects. Top material can be coated with a grip primer. Then paint or paste. DSP is an excellent base for carpet, linoleum, laminate, mosaic tiles and other finishing materials.
Varieties
DSP Classification:
- Arbolitovye. Universal, homogeneous, contain finely divided chips. Relate to light concrete, are used for facade cladding, formwork, construction of partitions, creating the basis for floors. There are decorative types, embossed, painted like stone or brick, which do not require additional coating.
- Xylolithic. These are high-strength boards with a high level of thermal insulation. They are used to cover floors. Wood shavings are quite large, located in layers in the inner part of the canvas.
- Fibrolite. In the process of their manufacture, long coniferous strands are used, having a minimal amount of sucrose and other organic substances acting on cement. Plates are distinguished by a softer texture, high sound insulation. Fiberboard is suitable for internal work: installation, wall insulation, construction of the base for ceiling ceilings.
Outdoor use
For the construction of formwork, facades, fencing, materials with maximum moisture resistance are chosen. DSPs are best suited for building strip foundations.
The thickness of the plates for external work is 12–40 mm. The service life of finished structures depends on weather conditions: rainfall, seasonal temperature differences. On average, it is about 15 years.
For external work, it is optimal to choose materials with an additional protective layer of moisture-resistant polystyrene foam, stone chips.
Before installing the formwork for the foundation, crushed stone is laid on the ground, then a layer of waterproofing. A concrete foot is poured on top, construction pins, drainage are installed.
When installing plates, use tin ties, fasten them on top and bottom of each sheet, in the corners and in the middle. This provides additional structural stability. The distance between the rows of lintels should be about 40 cm. All wood billets are immediately removed after the concrete has hardened.
Seams close up with cement mortar.
For lifting and securing the plates at the required height, winches, stable forests are required.
The formwork from DSP is mounted several times faster than from wood and other materials, the results are much better.
Interior decoration and flooring
For internal work, sheets from a thickness of 4 mm are used. Plates from 8 mm are suitable for roughing and finishing installation of floors. It should be borne in mind that heat-insulating and sound-absorbing qualities are higher for thicker sheets.
Tools required for work:
- saws or hacksaws;
- spatulas;
- self-tapping screws;
- screwdriver;
- building level;
- ramming roller or pick blade;
- crushed stone, mastic, primer.
When installing the floor from the plates, the base is preliminarily prepared. To do this, it is leveled, a layer of rubble is poured. If the subfloor is made of concrete, a substrate is laid on it or support lags are installed. Heat insulation is placed in all available voids. Bulk materials are preferable, because they do not need to be cut.
Plates are mounted back to back, trying not to leave gaps and crevices. Seams are treated with sealant.. If materials with a low moisture resistance index are used, an additional layer of waterproofing is laid under them. Then lay the topcoat.
Advantages and disadvantages of DSP
Cement-bonded materials have the positive qualities of natural wood and stone. They:
- durable;
- resistant to adverse conditions, the effects of high and low temperatures;
- not deformed;
- environmentally friendly, safe for health;
- well absorb noise;
- keep warm;
- not damaged by fungus, insects, rodents;
- durable
- can be used in wet conditions.
Technologies for the production of DSPs allow to obtain sheets with specified characteristics. This significantly reduces the time and cost of work. Practicality, versatility make DSP popular building material. With their help, you can quickly erect building frames, perform any kind of decoration. The composite has versatile functions, eliminates the need for additional surface treatment. This allows you to significantly save money during construction, repair.
The significant disadvantages of cement-bonded particleboards include:
- large specific gravity. The standard sheet has a mass of 70 kg. This makes installation difficult. Moving the plates alone is not possible. The severity of the material creates a high additional load on the supporting structures;
- DSPs are non-flexible, quite fragile. It is impossible to bend them, with strong impacts it is easy to damage, break;
- during manual and mechanical processing, the material emits a large amount of dust, so it is necessary to use special protective equipment for respiratory organs, eyes. After the interior decoration, thorough cleaning is required.
Subject to all the rules for storage, installation of the material, the disadvantages are completely offset by the existing advantages.
Material cost
The final price depends on the size, quantity of purchased materials, manufacturer.
Retail cost of one plate made in Russia, with a thickness of:
- 8–10 mm - 900–1100 rubles;
- 16–20 mm - 1600–1950 rubles;
- over 20 mm - from 2000 rubles.
Similar materials of Chinese manufacture are much cheaper, but do not have the necessary technical certification, quality assurance.